Reinfección por virus de la hepatitis C: revisión de tema y presentación de un caso

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22516/25007440.917

Palabras clave:

Antivirales de acción directa, Virus de la hepatitis C, Respuesta virológica sostenida, Reinfección, Coinfección VIH/VHC

Resumen

La infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) afecta a 58 millones de personas y es una importante causa de morbimortalidad alrededor del mundo. La reinfección por VHC es un problema creciente en personas con factores de riesgo como consumo pesado de alcohol, sexo anal, sexo grupal y compartir agujas y jeringas; este tipo de infección se define como un nuevo contagio de VHC con un genotipo viral diferente al de la primera infección en un paciente luego de lograr una respuesta viral sostenida (RVS). La reinfección se presenta, en parte, debido a la ausencia de estrategias de promoción y prevención. Teniendo en cuenta estos antecedentes, se han propuesto estrategias más pragmáticas para controlar la infección por VHC y evitar la reinfección, tales como la microeliminación.

En el presente artículo se presenta un caso de un paciente que presenta alteración en los marcadores de la bioquímica hepática, por lo que se solicita una prueba diagnóstica de infección por VHC y luego genotipificación viral, y se evidenció una infección por VHC genotipo 1, subgenotipo 1A. Se inició el manejo con antivirales de acción directa y se documentó una adecuada RVS12. Tres meses después el paciente regresó a consulta y en los exámenes de control se evidenció una carga viral elevada de VHC, por lo que se solicitó genotipificación y se demostró una nueva infección por VHC genotipo 4.

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Biografía del autor/a

Vìctor Manuel De La Espriella Palmett, Universidad de Antioquia

Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia.

Johanna M. Urán, Universidad de Antioquia

Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia.

Mauricio Orrego, Clínica Las Americas AUNA

Gastroenterólogo y Hepatólogo. Clínica Las Vegas. Expresidente Asociación Colombiana de Hepatología. Medellín, Colombia.

Maria Cristina Navas, Universidad de Antioquia

Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia.

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Figura 1. Historia natural de la infección por hepatitis C. AAD: antivirales de acción directa. Adaptado de Lingala y colaboradores

Publicado

2022-12-21

Cómo citar

De La Espriella Palmett, V. M., Urán, J. M., Orrego, M., & Navas, M. C. (2022). Reinfección por virus de la hepatitis C: revisión de tema y presentación de un caso. Revista Colombiana De Gastroenterología, 37(4), 434–443. https://doi.org/10.22516/25007440.917

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