Estadificación del cáncer colorrectal mediante resonancia magnética

Autores/as

  • Felipe Aluja Jaramillo
  • Daniel Upegui Jiménez

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22516/25007440.100

Palabras clave:

Imagen por resonancia magnética, neoplasias del colon, neoplasias del recto, estadificación de neoplasias

Resumen

El cáncer colorrectal es la cuarta causa de muerte a nivel mundial y la quinta causa de muerte por cáncer en Colombia. La resonancia magnética es la modalidad ideal para la valoración del cáncer colorrectal, ya que permite la estadificación mediante la determinación de la invasión más allá de la muscular propia, la extensión hacia órganos adyacentes, la identificación de pacientes candidatos a quimioterapia o radioterapia prequirúrgica y la planeación del procedimiento quirúrgico. El punto clave se basa en la diferenciación entre los estadios T2 y T3 mediante el uso de secuencias con información T2 de alta resolución. Además de esto, permite la valoración del tamaño y la morfología de los ganglios linfáticos, y aumenta considerablemente la especificidad para la detección de compromiso ganglionar. La resonancia magnética es una técnica con una alta especificidad y una alta reproducibilidad. 

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Lenguajes:

es

Biografía del autor/a

Felipe Aluja Jaramillo

  1. Residente radiología e imágenes diagnósticas. Fundación Universitaria Sanitas. Bogotá, Colombia. 

Daniel Upegui Jiménez

  1. Médico radiólogo, subespecialista en abdomen
    y pelvis, Clínica Universitaria Colombia, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi. Profesor de radiología, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas. Profesor de radiología, Universidad del Rosario. Bogotá, Colombia.  

Referencias bibliográficas

Jemal A, Bray F, Center M, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. Ca Cancer J Clin. 2011;61:69-90.

Ferreira EJ, Meléndez HJ. Características clínicas, demo- gráficas e histopatológicas de los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal del Hospital Universitario de Santander. Revista Colombiana de Cirugía 2012;27(3), 213-220.

Sanabria A, Martínez JI, Díaz JA. Cáncer de colon: aná- lisis del costo de enfermedad para los estadios III y IV en Cansercoop IPS. Rev Colomb Cienc Quim Farm 2009;38(2):193-214.

Piñeros M, Hernández G, Bray F. Increasing mortality rates of common malignancies in Colombia. Cancer. 2004;101(10):2285-92.

Muthusamy VR, Chang KJ. Optimal methods for staging rectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13(22):6877s-6884s.

Hodgman CG, MacCarty RL, Wolff BG, May GR, Berquist TH, Sheedy PF 2nd, et al. Preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma by computed tomography and 0.15T magnetic resonance imaging. Preliminary report. Dis Colon Rectum 1986;29(7):446-50.

Butch RJ, Stark DD, Wittenberg J, Tepper JE, Saini S, Simeone JF, et al. Staging rectal cancer by MR and CT. Am J Roentgenol 1986;146(6):1155-60.

Torkzad MR, Pahlman L, Glimelius B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer: a comprehensive review. Insights Imaging 2010;1(4):245-267.

Martling A, Holm T, Bremmer S, Lindholm J, Cedermark B, Blomqvist L. Prognostic value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis in rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2003;90(11):1422–1428.

Brown G, Richards CJ, Newcombe RG, Dallimore NS, Radcliffe AG, Carey DP, et al. Rectal carcinoma: thin-section MR imaging for staging in 28 patients. Radiology 1999; 211(1):215–222.

LeBlanc. Imaging and management of rectal cancer. Nat

Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;4(12):665-676.

Smith NJ, Barbachano Y, Norman AR, Swift RI, Abulafi AM, Brown G. Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging-detected extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2008;95(2):229–236.

Beets-Tan RGH, Beets GL. Rectal cancer: how accurate can

imaging predict the T stage and the circumferential resection margin. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2003;18(5):385-391.

Beets-Tan RGH. MRI in rectal cancer: the T stage and circumferential resection margin. Colorectal Disease. 2003;5(5):392-395.

Kaur H, Choi H, You YN, Rauch GM, Jensen CT, Hou P,

et al. MR imaging for preoperative evaluation of primary rectal cancer: practical considerations. Radiographics 2012;32(2):389-409.

MERCURY Study Group. Diagnostic accuracy of preope- rative magnetic resonance imaging in predicting curative resection of rectal cancer: prospective observational study. BMJ 2006;333(7572):779.

Matsuoka H, Masaki T, Sugiyama M, Nakamura A, Takahara T, Hachiya J, Atomi Y. Gadolinium enhanced endorectal coil and air enema magnetic resonance imaging as a useful tool in the preoperative examination of patients with rectal carci- noma. Hepatogastroenterology. 2004;51(55):131–135.

Beets-Tan RGH, Beets GL. Rectal cancer: review with empha- sis on MR imaging. Radiology 2004;232(2):335-346.

Quirke P, Dixon MF. The prediction of local recurrence in rectal adenocarcinoma by histopathological examination. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1988;3(2):127–131.

Wibe A, Rendedal PR, Svensson E, Norstein J, Eide TJ, Myrvold HE, et al. Prognostic significance of the circumfe- rential resection margin following total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2002;89(8):327–34.

Nagtegaal ID, Marijnen CA, Kranenbarg EK, van De Velde CJ, van Krieken JH. Circumferential Margin Involvement Is Still an Important Predictor of Local Recurrence in Rectal Carcinoma: Not One Millimeter but Two Millimeters Is the Limit. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002; 26(3):350–7.

Kwok H, Bissett IP, Hill GL. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2000;15:9-20.

Beets-Tan RG, Beets GL, Vliegen RF, Kessels AG, Van Boven H, De Bruine A, et al. Accuracy of magnetic resonance ima- ging in prediction of tumour-free resection margin in rectal cancer surgery. Lancet. 2001;357(9255):497-504.

Blomquist L, Machado M, Rubio C, Gabrielsson N, Granqvist S, Holm T. Rectal tumour staging: MR imaging using pelvic phased-array and endorectal coils vs endosco- pic ultrasonography. Eur Radiol. 2000;10(4):653-660.

Rafaelsen SR, Sorensen T, Jakobsen A, Bisgaard C, Lindebjerg J. Transrectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of rectal cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(4):440-446.

Al‐Sukhni E, Milot L, Fruitman M, Brown G, Schmocker S and Kennedy E. RSNA Radiology Reporting Templates. MR rectum cancer. 2014. Disponible en: http://www.radre- port.org/txt/0000068.

Kijima S, Sasaki T, Nagata K, Utano K, Lefor AT, Sugimoto H. Preoperative evaluation of colorectal cancer using CT colonography, MRI and PET/CT. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(45):16964-16975.

Vliegen RF, Beets GL, von Meyenfeldt MF, Kessels AG, Lemaire EE, van Engelshoven JM, Beets-Tan RG. Rectal can- cer: MR imaging in local staging is gadolinium-based contrast material helpful? Radiology. 2005; 234(1):179-188.

Suzuki C, Torkzad MR, Tanaka S, Palmer G, Lindholm J, Holm T, Blomqvist L. The importance of rectal cancer MRI protocols on interpretation accuracy. World J Surg Oncol. 2008;20(6):6-89.

Vogl TJ, Pegios W, Mack MG, Hünerbein M, Adler A, Lobbeck H, et al. Accuracy of staging rectal tumors with contrast-enhanced transrectal MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;168(6):1427–1434.

Brown G, Radcliffe AG, Newcombe RG, Dallimore NS, Bourne MW, Williams GT. Preoperative assessment of prog- nostic factors in rectal cancer using high-resolution magne- tic resonance imaging. Br J Surg. 2003;90(3):355-364.

Meyenberger C, Huch Boni RA, Bertschinger P, Zala GF, Klotz HP, Krestin GP. Endoscopic ultrasound and endorec- tal magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective comparative study for preoperative staging and follow-up of rectal cancer. Endoscopy. 1995;27(7):469–479.

Klessen C, Rogalla P, Taupitz M. Local staging of rectal cancer: the current role of MRI. Eur Radiol. 2007;17(2):379-389.

Bisset IP, Chau KY, Hill GL. Extrafascial excision of the rectum: surgical anatomy of the fascia propria. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43(7):903–910.

Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF, Williams NS. Local recu- rrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection: histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision. Lancet. 1986;2(8514):996-999.

Mathur P, Smith JJ, Ramsey C, Owen M, Thorpe A, Karim S, Burke C, Ramesh S, Dawson PM. Comparison of CT and MRI in the pre-operative staging of rectal adenocarcinoma and prediction of circumferential resection margin involve- ment by MRI. Colorectal Dis. 2003;5(5):396-401.

Valentini V, Aristei C, Glimelius B, Minsky BD, Beets-Tan R, Borras JM, et al. Multidisciplinary rectal cancer manage- ment: 2nd European Rectal Cancer Consensus Conference (EURECA-CC2). Radiother Oncol. 2009;92(2):148-163.

Taylor A, Slater A, Mapstone N, Taylor S, Halligan S. Staging rectal cancer: MRI compared to MDCT. Abdom Imaging. 2007;32(3):323–327.

Kim NK, Min BS, Kim H, Pyo J, Kim MJ, Cha SH. A pros- pective comparison study for predicting circumferential resection margin between preoperative MRI and whole mount sections in mid-rectal cancer: significance of diffe- rent scan planes. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008;34(6):648-654.

Slater A, Halligan S, Taylor SA, Marshall M, Distance bet- ween the rectal wall and mesorectal fascia measured by MRI: effect of rectal distension and implications for preope- rative prediction of a tumour-free circumferential resection margin. Clin Radiol. 2006;61(1):65–70.

Smith NJ, Shihab O, Arnaout A, Swift RI, Brown G. MRI for detection of extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191(5):1517–1522.

Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, Putter H, Steup WH, Rutten HJ, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(9):638–646.

Andreola S, Leo E, Belli F, Bufalino R, Tomasic G, Lavarino C, et al. Manual dissection of adenocarcinoma of the lower third of the rectum specimens for detection of lymph node metastases smaller than 5 mm. Cancer. 1996;15(77):607-12.

Monig SP, Baldus SE, Zirbes TK, Schroder W, Lindermann DG, Dienes HP, et al. Lymph node size and metastatic infil- tration in colon cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 1999;6(6):579-81.

Bipat S, Glas AS, Slors FJ, Zwinderman AH, Bossuyt PM, Stoker J. Rectal

cancer: local staging and assessment of lymph node involvement with endoluminal US, CT, and MR ima- ging a meta-analysis. Radiology. 2004;232(3):773-783.

Kotanagi H, Fukuoka T, Shibata Y, Yoshioka T, Aizawa O, Saito Y, et al. The size of regional lymph nodes does not correlate with the presence or absence of metastasis in lymph nodes in rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 1993;54(4):252-254.

Dworák O. Number and size of lymph nodes and node metas- tases in rectal carcinomas. Surg Endosc. 1989;3(2):96-99.

Kim JH, Beets GL, Kim MJ, Kessels AG, Beets-Tan RG.

High-resolution MR imaging for nodal staging in rectal cancer: are there any criteria in addition to the size? Eur J Radiol. 2004;52(1):78–83.

Koh DM, Brown G, Husband JE. Nodal staging in rectal cancer. Abdom Imaging. 2006;31(6):652–659.

Jager GJ, Barentsz JO, Oosterhof GO, Witjes JA, Ruijs SJ. Pelvic adenopathy in prostatic and urinary bladder carci- noma: MR imaging with a three-dimensional TI-weighted magnetization-prepared- rapid gradient-echo sequence. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996; 167(6):1503–1507.

Williams AD, Cousins C, Soutter WP, Mubashar M, Peter AM, Dina R, et al. Detection of pelvic lymph node metas- tases in gynecologic malignancy: a comparison of CT, MR imaging, and positron emission tomography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177(2):343–348.

Okizuka H, Sugimura K, Ishida T. Preoperative local staging of rectal carcinoma with MR imaging and a rectal balloon. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1993;3(2):329-35.

Chan TW, Kressel HY, Milestone B, Tomochefski J, Schnall M, Rosato E, et al. Rectal carcinoma: staging at MR imaging with endorectal surface coil. Work in progress. Radiology. 1991;181(2):461-7.

Indinnimeo M, Grasso RF, Cicchini C, Pavone P, Stazi A, Catalano C, et al. Endorectal magnetic resonance ima- ging in the preoperative staging of rectal tumors. Int Surg 1996;81(4):419-22.

McNicholas MM, Joyce WP, Dolan J, Gibney RG, Mac Erlaine DP, Hyland J. Magnetic resonance imaging of rectal carcinoma: a prospective study. Br J Surg. 1994;81(6):911-4.

Heriot AG, Grundy A, Kumar D. Preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma. Br J Surg. 1999;86:17–28.

Ichikawa T, Erturk SM, Motosugi U, Sou H, Araki T, Fujli H, et al. High-b-

value diffusion-weighted MRI in colorectal cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;187(1):181-184.

Dzik-Jurasz A, Domenig C, George M, Wolber J, Padhani A, Brown G, et al. Diffusion MRI for prediction of response of rectal cancer to chemoradiation. Lancet 2002;360(9329):307-308.

Hein PA, Kremser C, Judmaier W, Griebel J, Kreczy A, Hub EB, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring diffusion changes in rectal carcinoma during combined, preoperative chemoradiation: preliminary results of a prospective study. Eur J Radiol 2003;45(3):214-222.

Feng Q, Yan YQ, Zhu J, Xu JR. T staging of rectal can- cer: accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging compared with T2-weighted imaging on 3.0 tesla MRI. J Dig Dis. 2014;15(4):188-194.

Mizukami Y, Ueda S, Mizumoto A, Sasada T, Okumura R, Kohono S. Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Lymph Node Metastasis of Rectal Cancer. World J Surg. 2011;35(4):895-899.

Sinaiei M, Swallow C, Milot L, Moghaddam PA, Smith A, Atri M, et al. Patterns and Signal Intensity Characteristics of Pelvic Recurrence of Rectal Cancer at MR Imaging. Radiographics 2003;33(5):E171-E187.

Palmer G, Martling A, Cedermark B, Holm T. A population- based study on the management and outcome in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(2):447-454.

Lambregts DM, Cappendijk VC, Maas M, Beets GL, Beets- Tan RG. Value of MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI for the diagnosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer. Eur Radiol. 2011;21(6):1250-1258.

Tan PL, Chan CL, Moore NR. Radiological appearances in the pelvis following rectal cancer surgery. Clin Radiol. 2005;60(8):846-855.

Pema PJ, Bennett WF, Bova JG, Warman P. CT vs MRI in diagnosis of recurrent rectosigmoid carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1994;18(2):256-261.

Moore HG, Shoup M, Riedel E, Minsky BD Alektiar KM, Ercolani M, et al. Colorectal cancer pelvic recurren- ces: determinants of resectability. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47(10):1599-1606.

Messiou C, Chalmers AG, Boyle K, Wilson D, Sagar P. Pre- operative MR assessment of recurrent rectal cancer. Br J Radiol. 2008;81(966):468-473.

Publicado

2017-02-16

Cómo citar

Jaramillo, F. A., & Upegui Jiménez D. (2017). Estadificación del cáncer colorrectal mediante resonancia magnética. Revista Colombiana De Gastroenterología, 31(3), 273–282. https://doi.org/10.22516/25007440.100

Número

Sección

Revisión de tema

Métricas

Estadísticas de artículo
Vistas de resúmenes
Vistas de PDF
Descargas de PDF
Vistas de HTML
Otras vistas
QR Code

Algunos artículos similares: